The Impact of Parental Divorce on a Child Essays - 1640 Words

The Impact of Parental Divorce on a Child Divorce has increased dramatically since the beginning of this century. Unfortunately, the probability that a marriage will today end in a divorce is a whopping 50 percent. Also, the average duration of a marriage has decreased from 17 years in 1971 to just over 9 years in 1990 (Halonen Santrock, 1997). Halonen Santrock claim that although divorce has risen for all socioeconomic groups, those in disadvantaged circumstances have a higher incidence of divorce. Suggesting that marriage at a young age, low educational levels, and low income are associated with increases in divorce. For most, divorce is extremely painful. Unfortunately, children are not excluded from related†¦show more content†¦I chose to focus this paper on the impact of parental divorce on a child. To better understand the adjustment process, I decided to interview a 20-year-old woman whom I will call Ann for the purpose of this project. Anns parents divorced when she was nine. One of the r easons I selected her as my case study was the fact that I was aware that the divorce of her parents was a dramatic change in her family structure as a child well through her adolescent years. I asked Ann a variety of questions about her life prior to, immediately following, and several years after the divorce. I carefully examined family, peer, school, and cultural influences that affected her adjustment. Ann is able to recall vivid details of her extremely authoritarian father and home prior to the divorce. Her parents were immigrants who married at a young age and moved to the United States shortly after. She is the second youngest of six children, five girls and one boy. Anns father was the dominant parental figure with her mother being submissive to him. He ran the house quite militantly. Every rule was to be followed precisely, without exceptions. Each child was expected to perform outstandingly in school as well as complete all their cleaning chores in the home. Throu ghShow MoreRelatedEssay about Depression and Anxiety in Persons with Divorced Parents1184 Words   |  5 PagesParents In the recent years, divorce rates have been continually trending upwards (Reiter, Hjorleifsson, Breidablik, Meland, 2013). It is factual that children who have parents that have divorced typically face more obstacles in numerous aspects of life than children who have married parents. Children that experience divorce have up to a 300% increase in probability to be impacted by issues in mental wellbeing than their peers without an incident of divorce in their parental structure (Shifflett Read MoreThe Impact of Divorce on Children1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Divorce on Children Emily Grandy Abstract The discussion entitled The Impact of Divorce on Children takes an in-depth look at the impact divorce has on children academics. Research has shown that children that have experienced divorce amongst their parents are two times as likely to repeat a grade level. In addition research has discovered children of divorced parents are five times as likely to be expelled or suspended from the school system. College students in research surveysRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1540 Words   |  7 Pagesmarriages are terminated today due to divorce rather than death (Rasul, 2006 p. 30). Although an ancient tradition, divorce rates have been skyrocketing, and the current rates are virtually unprecedented in any industrial society. Many factors might lead to a divorce, and they include: conflicting cultural backgrounds, age differences, child presence, and many more (Schoen, 1975 p. 548). In this research paper, I will attempt to examine the effects of divorce on childr en, and try to examine how childrenRead MoreFamilial Support For Children During The Stressful Period Of Divorce Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pageschildren. In many cases, parents or other family members are not able to be as supportive to their children during the stressful period surrounding divorce. One study by Amato (1993) noted that divorce is one of the life’s most stressful occurrences, and adults experience significant difficulty in their life adjustment after the divorce, which may impact their interactions with their children. Parents are less emotionally available during this time (Riggio Valenzuela, 2011), and the help and supportRead MoreThe Impact Of Divorce On Children S Emotion844 Words   |  4 Pages Running head: THE IMPACT OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN’S EMOTION The Impact of Divorce on Children Emotion Lateefah Abiri Houston community College (Alief) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research paper is made actualized through the support from everyone that include my family, teacher, classmates, HCCS-Alief Library staff and the hardworking men and women that devote their time to changing mankind through research and dissemination. Especially, please allow me to dedicateRead MoreDivorce : The Impact It Has On The Family1541 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce: The Impact It Has On the Family Introduction Marriage is a sacred communion between two people that vows to love each other until the end of time. No one gets married with the intent to divorce. Unfortunately, marriages are challenged with acts of infidelity, change in family incomes, and many other factors. These factors most likely lead to divorce. Divorce perpetually deteriorates the family and the relationship between children and parents. It can lead to negative effects of the familyRead MoreEssay about Effects of divorce on elementary-school aged children1279 Words   |  6 PagesIn America, divorce rates are at an all time high. A divorce between the parents of elementary students can be devastating in a young child’s life. Divorce causes stress for children not only at home, but also at school. Children of divorced or separated parents often have to commute between houses. Not only do they have to deal with the pain of parents separating, they also may feel as if they caused their parent’s problems. Pa rental divorce has negative effects on children’s academic achievementRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Child Development1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Child Development I met the love of my life in my financial accounting class. He was charming, and intelligent, and he carried himself well. Early into our relationship I realized underneath this assuring exterior, was a broken, unstable man. He had issues with trust, and he always took many health risks. He explained to me how hard it was for him to attach himself to people because he figured they would leave anyways. Nothing is forever. he seemed to believe. On topRead MoreThe Effect Of Divorce On Children847 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more unmanageable. According to Sirvanli-Ozen, recent studies confirm that the impacts of divorce on children are not restricted to the childhood period but are manifest during adolescence and adulthood as well. Many studies on the subject show that children who have experienced parent divorce have a lower degree of psychological accord and lower socioeconomic status in their adulthood (Amato Keith, 1991b; Biblarz Raftrey, 1993; Ross Mirowsky, 1999; Amato, 19 96) and have more problemsRead MoreChildren Coping With Parent s Dissolution975 Words   |  4 PagesChildren coping with parent’s dissolution have more problem adjusting to life events: â€Å"Research on interparental conflict and child adjustment† has shown that parental conflicts that are overt, intense, and child related are more strongly associated with child maladjustment than conflicts that are less evident (covert), intense, and not child related† (Davies Cummings, 2006; Grych Fincham, 1990). In a long term consequence, there are chances that they, when growing up, do not believe in marriage

Mediterranean Diet And Type 2 Diabetes - 1924 Words

Mediterranean Diet and Type 2 Diabetes Introduction The purpose of this article is to review the proposed health benefits of the Mediterranean diet to patients with Type 2 Diabetes through randomized clinical trials, and see if a cause ad effect relationship can be deduced. The cause and effect health benefits to Type 2 diabetics consuming a Mediterranean diet to be explored include improvement of blood glucose levels, hypertension, cholesterol, decrease in risk of cardiovascular disease, decrease in bodyweight for overweight individuals, decrease in inflammatory milieu. Review of Articles In the article â€Å"A low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet improves cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes control among overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year prospective randomized intervention study†, 256 overweight type 2 diabetic patients were randomly assigned to one of the three diets in a 12 month trail.^1 The three diets were low carbohydrate Mediterranean (LCM), a traditional Mediterranean (TM), and the 2003 American Diabetic Association (ADA) diet. All subjects were between the ages 30-65, had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), body mass index (BMI) 27-34 kg/m2, last HbA1c measurement 7–10%, last plasma TG level 1.8–4.5 mmol/l, last serum creatinine 123.2  µmol/l, and no change in diabetes medication for at least 3 months before entering the study. Prior randomization patients entered a 2-week maintenance period where the patients wereShow MoreRelatedGlucose Intolerance And Diabetes1144 Words   |  5 Pagest he result of poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle. In order to help lower cholesterol levels, studies have shown that people who were treated with statins (cholesterol lowering drugs) have been associated with lower dementia risk (Richardson, 2017). Elevated cholesterol levels and high blood pressure continue to be associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease and dementia. In addition, glucose intolerance leading to type 2 diabetes is also associated with these related risk factors and cognitiveRead MoreDiabetes : An Autoimmune Disease1430 Words   |  6 Pages What is Diabetes? Diabetes affects approximately 6% of Americans, 17 million people, and alarmingly 5.9 million of them are unaware that they have this chronic disease. Diabetes is a disease that is classified into two central types, type 1 and type 2. The disease results in the body being incapable of producing enough insulin and also causes an inability to use the insulin that has produced. Type 1 diabetes is considered to be an autoimmune disease that has the ability to destroy the facilityRead MoreThe Diet Of The Mediterranean Diet1688 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"What is the best diet out in the world?†, typed into the Google search bar in almost every computer owned by anyone in the world today. Following these â€Å"diets† has become a fad that people want to follow so they can loose weight. Obesity causes health problems and with obesity rates climbing, theres now a get healthy/fit fad, where people diet and exercise. Everyone these days is always talking about diets. Which ones are in, which ones are fake, which ones â€Å"don’t† work or which ones â€Å"do† workRead MoreGuidelines For A Person With Diabetes Mellitus Type II1513 Words   |  7 PagesApproximately 24 million people are affected by diabetes in the United States (Pellico). This paper will briefly explain the nutritional guidelines for a person with diabetes mellitus type II. The treatment for this particular disease heavily relies on adequate nutrition, exercise and in some instances oral medications for extra glucose control (Evert Boucher, 2014). Current research has revealed there is not one definite eating plan that works for all diabetic patients, but there are severalRead MoreThe Effects Of Dietary Behaviors On The Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease1613 Words   |  7 Pagesmortality worldwide, becoming increasingly prevalent every year with the rise of risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. Considering this, numerous studies have been underta ken in relation to the effect of dietary behaviours on the risk of cardiovascular disease. Past population-based research and large-scale clinical trials have provided scientific evidence that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) - rich in monounsaturated fat, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and low-fat dairy products (referRead MoreThe Mediterranean Diet Of Food Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pages they probably mentioned how delicious the food was. Food is one of the more common affiliations with countries that surround the Mediterranean Sea; and understandably so. The food this region produces is so notable that there is a diet based off it, companied with endless research elaborating the health benefits it accommodates. Fittingly named The Mediterranean Diet, this compilation of foods including fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, high fiber breads, whole grains, nuts, olive oil and red wineRead MorePancreatic Cancer : The Cancer1084 Words   |  5 Pagesand check up with your s ugar. Stop Smoking The problem with pancreatic cancer is that it usually spreads before any symptoms appear. Doctors aren t sure what cause pancreatic cancer, but they know it is more common in men, smokers, people with diabetes, and African Americans (Pancreatic Cancer, 2013). According The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center smoking doubles the risk of pancreatic cancer. Cigarettes, cigars, pipes and chewing tobacco all increase pancreatic cancer risk. A largeRead MoreAlzheimer s A Type Of Dementia1660 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia that causes complications with memory, thinking, and behavior. Long before any signs of memory loss, there a microscopic changes occurring in the brain, altering its functionality (Alzheimer s Association Organization, 2016). The brain has billions of nerve cells that work together, and when one portion of the brains neurons are malfunctioning it leads to breakdowns in other parts of the brain. The two most noted abnormal structures that are suspectedRead MoreThe Healthy Mediterranean Diet Will Be Under Siege By Fast Food1608 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease from 2014 (Jones). This indicates that the healthy Mediterranean diet will continue to be under siege by fast food which could see the healthiest people in the world become fat and more prone to diet-based diseases. As noted earlier, the problem of health and culture go together not only in Europe, but also in the Asian markets. Various countries in Asia have seen very similar results of what is happening in the Mediterranean. Many Asian nations have been invaded by the fast-food industryRead MoreEssay On Diabetes1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe exact causes of the incidence rates of both types of diabetes (T1DM and T2DM) are not completely understood. The complex picture is possibly related to the combination of an individual’s genetic predisposition, gene-nutrient interactions, epigenetic programing, gut microbiome and the association of nutrients. Due to the compound genetic view of T2DM, the function of nutrients and dietary patterns in the etiopathogenesis of this disease will most likely be multifactorial at the molecular level

Heineken in Cambodia Free Essays

Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld April 2009 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld Amsterdam, April 2009 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Colophon Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 April 2009 By: Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld Cover Design: Annelies Vlasblom Funding This publication is made possible with co-funding from the Vereniging van Beleggers voor Duurzame Ontwikkeling (VBDO) Published by Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations Sarphatistraat 30 1018 GL Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone: + 31 (20) 6391291 E-mail: info@somo. nl Website: Hwww. somo. We will write a custom essay sample on Heineken in Cambodia or any similar topic only for you Order Now nl This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivateWorks 2. 5 License. 1 Introduction This company report has been prepared by SOMO (Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations). It provides an overview of business practices that could be regarded as unsustainable or irresponsible which occurred (or might have been addressed) in 2008. The overview below describes only controversial practices and not the positive achievements of a company in the same year. Information on positive achievements can usually be found in a company’s annual and/or sustainability report and on the company’s website. The purpose of this report is to provide additional information to shareholders and other stakeholders of a company on controversies that might or might not be detected and reported by the company itself. This report does not contain an analysis of a company’s corporate responsibility policies, operational aspects of corporate responsibility management, implementation systems, reporting and transparency, or total performance on any issue. For some controversies, it is indicated which standards or policies may have been violated and a brief analysis is presented. Apart from this, the report is mainly descriptive. The range of sustainability and corporate responsibility issues eligible for inclusion in this overview is relatively broad and mainly based on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. These Guidelines are used as a general frame of reference in addition to the company-specific standards. Sources of information are mentioned in footnotes throughout the report. The main sources were obtained through SOMO’s global network of civil society organisations, including reports, other documents, and unpublished information. Media and company information databases and information available via the Internet are used as secondary sources where necessary. Heineken has been informed about the research project in advance and was given two weeks to review the report and provide corrections of any factual errors in the draft version. The overview of controversial practices in this report is not intended to be exhaustive. Instead, it focuses on a limited number of issues and cases that might merit further attention or reflection. Where information about the latest developments, either positive or negative, was unavailable, it is possible that situations described in the overview have recently changed. Taking into account these limitations, SOMO believes that the report can be used for improvement and for a more informed assessment of a company’s corporate responsibility performance. For more information, please contact SOMO: SOMO (Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations) Sarphatistraat 30, 1018 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel. 31 (0)20 6391291 Fax +31 (0)20 6391391 e-mail: info@somo. nl website: www. somo. nl 2 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Precarious working conditions of Heineken Beer sellers in Cambodia This short overview deals with only one issue: the continuing bad labour and health conditions of socalled ‘beer sellers’ in Cambodia, salaried women who wear distinctive Heineken uniforms while exclusively selling Heineken beer in bars and res taurants, alongside those working for its partly owned partner brands (e. . , Tiger, ABC, etc†¦), and for competitors. The work conditions of these women, who are hired by most of the international brewers and their distributors operating in Cambodia 1 , have been criticised for several years, by the Cambodian NGO (Non-Governmental Organisation ) Siem Reap Citizens for Health, Educational and Social Issues (SiRCHESI) 2 . In 2002 the CEO and the Boards of both Heineken Breweries Ltd and Heineken Holding N. V. from here: Heineken) were first notified by SiRCHESI of concerns about the health and welfare of their beer sellers, who continued, in 2008, to be at high risk for HIV/AIDS and alcohol- related health problems, who experience sexual harassment and violence at their workplaces, and who are not paid a ‘living wage’- a salary for a full-time job on which they can support themselves and their family dependents. Press reports going back to 1998, and particularly a story in the Wall Street Journal (2000) had already clearly described the problems before social scientists began systematic d ata collection. Also SOMO’s overview of controversial business practices of Heineken during 2006 for VBDO of April 2007 has called attention to this critical issue. 4 Recent inquiries and research in Cambodia –as part of a longitudinal study (2004-2009) 5 – reconfirm that these bad labour and health conditions still exist. Heineken – and other brands, with whom they both compete and co-operate – have not made significant progress in 2007, nor in 2008 to reduce the high risks to the health and safety of the women beer-sellers in Cambodia nor meet their monthly financial needs. So far, industry efforts to resolve these issues – through the formation in late 2006 of â€Å"Beer Selling Industry Cambodia† as a professional brewers association with a code of conduct (COC) for beer sellers – have failed. 1 2 3 4 5 See e. g. â€Å"Heineken en promotiemeisjes in Cambodja – deel A,† R. Feilzer and F. P. van der Putten (p. 85-96) and F. P. van der Putten, â€Å" – deel B† (p. 109-13), in: Bedrijfsgevallen, Eds. W Dubbink and H. van Luijk (Assen: Van Gorcum, 2006). SiRCHESI website, . and ,, and . SiRCHESI’s website http://www. fairtradebeer. com press reports section. Heineken – Overview of controversial business practices in 2006,† Francis Weyzig (SOMO), April 2007 Performed by Staff, volunteers ,researchers and students located in Siem Reap with SiRCHESI, or at Siem Reap Provincial AIDS Office, of University of Guelph (CA), National Center in HIV Social Research (University of New South Wales, AU ), Macquarie University (Sydney, AU), University of Melbourne (AU), Australia Volunteers International, Duke University (North Carolina, US), Oxford University (Oxford, UK), University of Technology Sydney (AU), as welll as University of Maastricht, NL, National University of Singapore, and Staffordshire University (UK). Data and analyses were provided through Ian Lubek, international advisor to SiRCHESI. The SIRCHESI interviews with beer sellers were conducted either in the workplaces or during health workshops. 213 interviews were conducted from 2004-6, and 324 from 2007-9. 22 beer sellers worked for Heineken and partner brands, 57 worked for Carlsberg brands such as Angkor; 56 sold AB-INBEV brands, 1 sold a SAB-Miller brand, and the remaining 201 sold other brands including Dutch brands Bavaria, Hollandia, as well as Corona, San Miguel, Singha, Oettinger, Asahi, etc. 3 Below, some controversial aspects of the situation in 2008, revealed by SiRCHESI, are described. More background data can be found on the SiRCHESI website dedicated to this issue www. ethicalbeer. com. On the same website more new details on the longitudinal study, including data for 2008-9, are published by SiRCHESI 6 as well. Low income and transparency As in 2006, SiRCHESI research 7 confirms that Heineken is not paying a â€Å" living wage† in 2008. If Heineken and its Asia Pacific Breweries partner brands (Tiger, ABC, Anchor, Cheers,etc. paid their beer sellers the current industry standard (2008) of just over 8 US dollar per beer case as commission, they would earn – based on SiRCHESI’s observations of sales of more than 3 cases per night – about 700 US dollars per month which amounts to about 10 times the current fixed salary. BSIC brand sellers are consistently paid less each month than non-BSIC brands yet increasingly sell manifold more beer each year 8 . In fact workers get less than 2. 5 percent of the sale, and face severe nightly workplace health and safety risks. Part of this profitability for Heineken is based on the sellers’ own nightly consumption of about 6 percent of sales, which adds harm and risk to their working situation. For a number of years, Heineken officials reported paying bonuses to the beer servers, yet SiRCHESI interviews showed that from 2002 onwards these were not being received by the beer sellers. In fact in 2008 they reported receiving monthly earnings of 71 US dollars which is considerably lower than the 84 US dollars reported by non-BSIC sellers and the 85 US dollars Heineken headquarters reports paying 9 . SiRCHESI estimates that 71 US dollar monthly is still less than half of what would be enough to provide for them and their family dependents. This situation of underpayment –first reported to Heineken executives in 2002 and unchanged ever since- puts terrible pressures on the women to support their families and to make ends meet, compelling some to sell unsafe sex to customers in desperation to supplement insufficient income. In general it is difficult for Heineken beer sellers to know to what benefits and bonuses they are entitled because Heineken is failing to provide beer sellers copies of their work contracts specifying working conditions, benefits such as severance pay and maternity leave, and exact earnings– all, transparently. In 2008, no beer seller could show SiRCHESI a copy of their signed contract. Several Heineken beer sellers said they did have signed contracts but that these contracts had gone to the distributors’ Head Quarters in Cambodia. In 2008 SiRCHESI asked the distributor and BSIC for copies of these contracts they but were told they were â€Å"proprietary† and could not be disseminated. 6 7 8 9 See for example: â€Å"Ab-Inbev, Carlsberg, Heineken and other international brewers are yet again in 2008-9 behaving badly to women beer sellers in Cambodia†, SiRECHESI, April 2009, http://www. ethicalbeer. com/read/April2009-INFO. df AND â€Å"Professor criticizes international beer companies for not being proactive enough in Cambodia (2008-9) to protect their women beer sellers from hazardous, harmful, and potentially mortal workplace health and safety risks: Citing recent research, he urges company executives, brand consumers and shareholders to implement immediate changes. †, SiRCHESI, April 2009, http://www. ethicalbeer. com/read/APRIL2009Press-info. pdf This overview builds on SiRCHESI published (see footnote directly above) and unpublished information provided/communicated directly to SOMO by As Tiger Beer seller Sophea wrote to management at Cambodian Breweries Ltd. asking for a salary increase to 100 US dollars monthly: â€Å"Our claim is absolutely justified. The quantity of our sales increased, and the price of beer increased too†¦. Now it {Tiger Beer} is sold for 2. 90 US dollars. â€Å" (Cambodge Soir, 18-25 June, 2008). â€Å"Biermeisjes bezorgen Heineken hoofdpijn,† Financiel e Telegraaf (p. 27) 10 mei 2008 4 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Workplace health and safety issues Heineken’s HIV/AIDS policy of 2002 has promised coverage to all its workers world-wide 10 . However the company and partner brands are still not providing free HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) for their HIV positive beer sellers as they do for their personnel in Africa. What compounds the situation is that most beer-sellers are currently excluded from Government ARVT (anti-retroviral therapy) programs due to Cambodia and the Global Fund’s inability to implement access in 2008-9 for all persons living with HIV. Simple factors such as lack of daily transportation to a distribution site mean that many beer-sellers cannot receive ARVT. In Africa Heineken has solved this problem through workplace distribution of HAART. Heineken is also not providing enough effective workplace health and safety education about HIV/AIDS, reproductive health and alcohol risks before employment begins. Although Heineken proactively developed the Selling Beer Safely (SBS) Program in 2003 it has not been offered to every employee; moreover, the number of beneficiaries of SBS is declining markedly. Of 224 Heineken family sellers in the SiRCHESI research sample of 2004 to 2009, 31. 2 percent had received no health training at the time of the interview. It should be mentioned that this is better than the industry average of 43. 3 percent that received no health and safety training about being a beer seller. In 2004, 22 percent of Heineken or Tiger beer sellers had received SBS training. However in 2008 this share had declined to 4. 7 percent. However, when SiRCHESI asked whether they had received either the SBS or any other in-house training program 11 , BSIC beer sellers did modestly better: 27. 8 percent reported in-house training, while only 8. 3 percent non-BSIC sellers reported in-house training. But the most serious criticism is the procrastination in supplying this education. Of 224 Heineken family beer sellers interviewed, 16 (7. 1 percent) received training before they started, and a further 6 (2. 7 percent) received it on the first day. 80/224 or 35. 7 percent had received it in the next 6 months, while the remainder had training in the next 18 months or not at all (122 or 54. 5 percent). Hence only 9. 8 percent had been given some early-warning training – before or on the first day of work- about the risks and harm possible for beer-sellers themselves, damage to the fetus during pregnancy, or contraction of HIV/AIDS or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Although the BSIC COC which Heineken claims to uphold explicitly forbids workplace drinking of alcohol, SiRCHESI found that only 6% of Heineken (7. 6% of BSIC brands) beer sellers were in fact abstaining in 2008. For those who continue to drink, the mean alcohol consumed nightly by BSIC sellers in 2008 was 1. 48 litres nightly or 6 standard drinks (N=103), while 1. 53 litres (7 standard drinks) were consumed nightly by Heineken beer family servers (N=89). All of these levels are well above levels of national guidelines for responsible drinking as set for women by 23 countries surveyed by the International Center For Alcohol Policies (ICAP) 12 including the Netherlands. This means that these women have an increased risk for physical (raised blood pressure, stroke, and liver cirrhosis), mental, and social problems associated with alcohol abuse. While (excessive) workplace drinking continues to be a critical issue in Cambodia it has been observed by SiRCHESI to no longer exist in nearby Singapore. 10 11 12 â€Å"Heineken’s HIV/AIDS Policy – contribution of a private company,† HEINEKEN COR P. COMMUNICATION ~ 02 92857455 NO. 023, by Heineken International, 18 April 2002 (at http://fairtradebeer. com/reportfiles/heinekenaidspolicy2002. pdf) SiRCHESI: â€Å"other in house-training† are mostly shorter than the 3 day SBS training some just get 1-2 hours – the â€Å"refresher courses† International Center For Alcohol Policies (ICAP) in International Drinking Guidelines Reports 14 How to cite Heineken in Cambodia, Papers

Communications and Networking Conference †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Communications and Networking Conference. Answer: Introduction: The encryption key management is considered as the administration of the tasks which is for the protection, storing and then backing up all the encryption keys. There are different high-profile data losses and the regulatory standards which leads to the increase in the use of the encryption. With this, the useof the encryption tools are set with the secured storage, protection and the retrieval. There are different forms of the measures which include the Key Management Interoperability Protocol which has been developed by the vendors and then submitted for the Structured Information Standards. The management type for the encryption keys are set to convert the data into the streams with the symmetric key algorithms that make use of the single key to secure the authentication and achieve the confidentiality and authentication. The encryption and the storage with the backup is important for protection from the loss, corruption and any unauthorised form of the access (Rath et al., 2016). The processes could be used for the controlling keys with the easy management that includes the keys with the easy management of how the different keys are assigned for the evaluation. PKMv2 is also for handling the encryption of the data with the management of the keys, and the key recovery procedures which are set in place. It will be able to take hold of the central key repository with a proper protection standard. EAP: The protocol is for the authentication framework which is mainly used in the wireless networks and to handle the point-to-point connections. They are for the authentication based on the transport and handling the usage of the key material and parameters. The EAP is one of the best formwork for the data security standards which includes the functions and the negotiation of the authentication methods. There are different packets which are for the Lightweight EAP that is used with the IEEE ratification in 802.11 security standards. The forms include the detailed analysis with the use of one-time password which can generate the authentication keys. The EAP method is also for the two-factor user authentication where the user needs the physical access to the token and the knowledge with the personal identification number (Alavi et al., 2016). The protected communication channels with the mutual authentication is for the parties to communicate and has been designed for the authenticati on over the insecure networks. The documentation is related to the RFC where the schemes are based on providing the resistance to the active attack, passive and dictionary attack. EAS: The Advanced Encryption Standards are mainly defined with the use of the designing principles and the substitution. The combination is based on the substitution and the permutation framework. It works on the security standards with the key space that increased by the factor of and how the additional bit of the key length can handle the brute force search which increase with the key length. The measures are taken to analyse the side channel attacks which do not tend to work with the cipher as the black box (Zhou et al.,2016). The attack implementations on the hardware or the software systems tend to leak the data with the major focus on the different AES forms. The AES is also for the encryption with the symmetric block cipher which could be for the protection of the information and then working over the implementation in the software and the hardware through the world to handle the data encryption. The security, cost and implementation are some of the important features which ar e set to handle the designing with 128-bit blocks to make use of the key sized at 128,192 and 256 bits. The costs are related to the standards that include the hardware or the software. AES works on the different transformation which includes the data stored in the array. This is also then put for cipher to handle the transformation over the number of the encryption rounds. The security issues of the Bluetooth attacks against the confidentiality, data integrity and the availability. There are configurations which are based on the theft and the loss, eavesdropping and the impersonation. The default configuration is the major security issue, where the information can be used for the impersonation, or the location correlation mainly for the profiling. The Bluetooth enabled devices to have the minimised security level with the security mode 1 that has been set by default (Ba et al, 2017). There is other default configuration of the devices which intend to make up the initial use and the setup of the devices. The theft and the loss for the electronic computing of the devices is based on the advancement of the technology. The impersonation and the eavesdropping are some of the issues which needs to be taken care for the proper communication. Here, the devices also allow the individual to intercept or listen on the communication mainly in between the two parti es (Huang et al., 2016). The frequency of the hopping algorithm could easily be circumvented using the Bluetooth listening device which are set through the vendors as devices for mainly diagnosing the different issues of the Bluetooth communication. The person-in-the-middle attack is mainly the attack that leverage the vulnerabilities in the baseband specifications. The Bluetooth devices can easily intercept with the communication and the attacker tends to impersonate the victim devices. The service mapping and the access using Bluetooth technology is mainly used for encryption the attack is mainly to determine the valuable information with the attacker determining the attack on the system. The visualisation of the corporate site is when the LAP (LAN Access Points) are strategically deployed with the profiling based on the Bluetooth specifications and connection to the LAN infrastructure. The other example which is used is ZigBee where the security challenges are mainly to find the encryption key by the snapping. The wireless attacks are mainly the attacks which fall under the physical, key and the replay or injection attacks. The physical attacks are mainly the ones which includes the ZigBee radio with the focus on ability to interact physically with the device to obtain the encryption key that is used for the target of the network. With this, there are other issues related to the attackers who can utilise the serial interfaces with capturing the encryption keys based on low cost and open source tools (Fourmeau et al., 2017). The key attacks are mainly for the utilisation of the encryption with the pre-shared keying and Over the Air key delivery. The security includes the intrusion detection capabilities which works with the support of low-cost ZigBee radios. The attacker who is using the hardware and the software based tools has the capability to perform any of the illicit actions with the connection of the devices to perform the attack. The replay and the injection attacks could be for the packet replay (Das et al., 2016). With this, the issues are mainly susceptible with the lightweight designing of the protocol. Along with this, the malicious user tends to make use of the radio to collect the packets which are being transmitted from the network of ZigBee. Through this, one is also not able to decode the packets as per the requirement. The network mimicking or the origination of the nodes is also not possible due to the minimal session check which is performed by the ZigBee radios. According to Shaikh et al., (2016)., the wireless sensor has been mainly set with the pervasive and thee wide deployment of the IoT. The systems are set with the limited energy associated that is the major bottleneck of the technologies. The discussion is about the maximisation of the energy which is harvested in WSNs with the identification of the cost effective, efficient and the reliable energy harvesting systems (Benaatou et al., 2017). It includes the motivation for the energy harvesting with the detailed focus on the static sensor nodes that have the lower power of processing and the limited capabilities of the power as well. For this, the deployment is mainly in the ad-hoc manner which tends to cooperate to form the wireless sensor network. The sensing subsystems are mainly to acquire the data and the processing which is for handling the data in the local form. The wireless communication with the battery and the limited energy budget can take hold of the power with the use of the sensor for the sub-systems. The forms re set with the minimisation of the communication cost, where the approach is mainly to make use of the network processing, data prediction and then sending the data as per the requirement. The mobility in WSN can also help in reducing the energy consumption which incurs with the lower overheads. The mobility expends with more energy with motors and the other hardware working with more energy. The ra dio frequency based energy harvesting is mainly based on the sensor nodes which can easily be used for the two radios with RF and the other for the communication with the sensor nodes. The optimisation of the solution is set with the RFID tags that could easily be viewed with harvesting solutions that are in the market. The RFID reader is also able to send the signals to query the tags with the response with identification by powering from the inductance of the loop. It also includes the identification of the techniques that needs to be leveraged with the ambient environment and the external sources which is mainly to generate the energy for the WSNs. For the protocol adaptation, the focus is on how the energy efficiency with the network protocol could be maximised with lifetime network setup. According to Ulukus, Sennur, et al. (2015)., the focus of the paper is mainly on handling the broad areas for the energy harvesting wireless communications. The different standards are based on how the energy harvesting wireless networks can develop the new medical and the better environment surveillance which is impossible, otherwise. With this, there are other associated with the solar, indoor lighting with the energy harvested from the man-made sources using the wireless technologies. The forms are set with the schemes with dimensions to the wireless communication in the form of the intermittence and the randomness of the available energy. The paper is also about the consideration for the throughput maximisation with working over the energy harvests. The focus is also on considering the online energy management for the throughput maximisation. It includes the section that works with the single user channels and the transmitter has the queues names of the data queue and the energy queue when the arrival of the data packets is scheduled depending upon the use of the energy in the battery. The article is about focusing over the standards of the broad area of energy with the ranges set from the information theoretic physical layer performance with scheduling the policies and the medium access to control the performance of the protocols. The consideration is about working over the physical properties with the storage imperfections, consumption models and the other processing costs which are important for working over the energy harvesting profiles. 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